Drug Addiction=Disease - 1009 Words

Current Topics in Health 26 November 2012 Drug Addiction a Disease? Drug addiction, a new major phenomenon in our society today. The dependence, compulsive craving of a drug which becomes priority over all other issues in one’s life. We recognize that this issue of drugs and addiction is a growing problem now affecting most in this world. The physical characteristics of addiction would trembling, sweating, loss of appetite, and seizures. Psychological characteristics are harder to define because the person addicted is the one who knows the real struggle. Anyone is susceptible to drugs and becoming addicted. The main people involved in drug addiction is just the individual indulging in the substance and the person who†¦show more content†¦Referring to addiction as a disease we risk expanding the very definition of what a disease truly is, we as a society would have to make new regulations and laws that deal with addicts. It blurs responsibility of the caretakers involved in treatment by forcing or pressuring them to tre at the patient. Although one cannot force a person to go through treatment, only set up and individualized plan and hope the patient follows through and grasps the concept of what they are trying to accomplish, which is to no longer be addicted to harmful substances. The stigma of drug addiction would lead to mistreatment of the impaired, it would be counter productive to the advancement of treatment, and the pressure others would put upon the addict to conform to societal normalcy. My recommendations for further exploration into this issue would be to really examine the ways in which and addict lives his/her daily life compared to a sober individual and also compare both of them to and individual who has turned their life around and discontinued their harmful impulsions. Possibly examine further into how it effects the brain maybe have the patients fill out questioners of how they feel and what they are experiencing, if they would like to continue using the specific drug being tested and how they felt both and after the experiment. I strongly suggest there should beShow MoreRelatedIs Drug Addiction A Choice Or Disease?1480 Words   |  6 Pages Is Drug Addiction a Choice or Disease? Should the cause of addiction rely on people s actions? These days, drugs can be found everywhere, and it may seem like everyone s doing them. Lots of people are tempted by the excitement or escape that drugs seem to offer. But learning the facts about drugs can help one see the risks of chasing this excitement or escape. Several people argue whether drug addiction is a disease or a choice. Discussing this argument in hopes to have a better understandingRead MoreIs Drug Addiction A Choice Or A Disease?1743 Words   |  7 PagesIs drug addiction a choice or a disease ? 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Individuals that have a dependency on drugs and or alcohol show a need for treatment programs. On the webpage, Enterhealth: Why Alcohol and Drug Addiction is Considered a Disease, the writers (2008 – 2010) said, addiction is considered a brain disease because alcohol and drugs literally change the brain chemically, structura lly and functionally. Scientist have performed researchesRead MoreThe Problem Of Drug Addiction952 Words   |  4 Pagestaking drugs can vary and while the action itself is voluntary: the eventual drug addiction is essentially involuntary. Drug addiction is a complex and chronic disease, a brain disease, which changes the way the brain functions. Drug addiction, much like chronic illnesses such as heart disease and diabetes, disrupts healthy, normal functioning organs. This has harmful consequences that are both preventable and treatable (Branch, 2011, pp.263-265). Drug addiction is considered a brain disease as drugsRead MoreAddiction : Lack Of Will Power Or Brain Disease?1186 Words   |  5 Pages Addiction: Lack of Will Power or Brain Disease? Demonika M. Martin PS101 Introduction to Psychology Park University . I. Introduction Addiction is a disease that continues to fester and destroy individual’s lives. Once an individual is under the influence of drugs they no longer have control over their actions. Drug user’s brains are hijacked and taken on an explosive ride that begins with pleasure and ends in the damage of their brain. â€Å"Drug use is on the rise in this country andRead MoreAddiction: a Three Part Disease1072 Words   |  5 PagesA. English 1301-Composition M-W 1:30 pm – 2:50 pm Ricardo Ballinas Addiction: A Three Part Disease October 1st, 2012 Sue Wright Addiction: A Three Part Disease Addiction can be separated into three categories: mind (neurological), body (physical), and spirit (psychological). Within in this breakdown addiction can possibly be explained and properly understood. In order to better understand addiction as a disease as opposed to a moral dilemma it first must be broken down. First you must

What’s Gone Wrong with the Third Italy Free Essays

string(137) " the harsh reality of such a business type: poor working conditions and safety conditions, longer work hours and low paid working hours\." Msc BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS CONTENT Introduction p. 3 Early glitches of the SMEs within the industrial districts p. 5 Analysis of two of the regional clusters at stake p. We will write a custom essay sample on What’s Gone Wrong with the Third Italy or any similar topic only for you Order Now 6 What went wrong? p. 7 Concluding remarks p. 9 References p. 10 Introduction The purpose of this paper is to determine to which extent the economic areas known as ’Third Italy’ have not managed to achieve the well-desired status. The local development model has been presented as the perfect small-scale flexible capitalist type that has adopted a post-Fordist mode of production (Grancelli, 2007). The economic cluster referred to as Third Italy, was founded in the post-war period (1950s and 1960s) when the global economy was going through hard times of recovery. In the north-east part of Italy a new type of firms was developed. The question may be put why didn’t the other two important industrialized districts known as First Italy (the industrial heartland of the North) and the Second Italy (the backward South) have become the regions of wealth and economic growth. The answer lies primarily in the cultural values: the local culture of entrepreneurship and cooperation (Boschma, 1998) that to some extent doesn’t apply for other Italian regions. The following figure displays accurately the industrial zone of Italy: According to Bagnasco (1977) from a economic point of view Italy was divided into the ’Three Italies’: the North-west, the big companies, was tagged as ’central economy’, the shallow regions of the South seen as ’marginal economy’ and the central-North-eastern regions- known as Third Italy- haracterized by the presence of small firms that are defined as ’peripheral economy’. Nonetheless, the way in which the Third Italy region was defined didn’t hide the real facts; when compared to the North-west typology, productivity per worker and work unit-costs were sensibly lower. But this didn’t disable the central-north-east cluster to have a significant development pr ocess that is confirmed by: a reduction of agricultural employees, an increase in manufacturing workers, growth in resident population, and an upward trend in Italy’s industrial national product (Bianchi, 1998). The â€Å"Third Italy† region, also referred to as Emilia-Romagna, forms a north-eastern group of counties that propelled themselves to a position of prosperity between the relatively wealthy north-western triangle of Italy and the relatively impoverished Mezzagiorno region south of Rome (Walcott, 2007). Localized production centres utilize export-oriented niche specializations to create place-based economies supporting local firms. Related residents supply both low labour costs and endogenously accumulated capital. Light industrial products include foods, clothing, shoes, furniture, and metal work for a craft-based market. Building on a textiles and leather goods specialization, that demands rapid responses to a notoriously fickle fashion market, familial and other locally forged trust-based ties enabled local star â€Å"Benetton† to become an international fashion retail chain. Knowledge of the local market was so finely tuned that offerings were famously differentiated even within the same city (Walcott, 2007). External economies of place propelled tightly organized local regions to maximize returns based on clearly defined sectoral specialization. In one example clearly defying physical topography, Silicon Valley imitators sprang up around the globe as hopeful high technology havens. A real estate set-aside does not an industrial district make, however (Walcott, 2007). Early glitches of the SMEs within the industrial districts In the early 1990s the one of the menacing forces against the Italian industrial clusters was the post-industrial transition. The internationalization of the economy endangers the developing process of small-scale firms. One good argument is the external market that provides expanded multinational, multi-product, multi-market companies (Holland, 1987). Even if the European Union is trying to help out these businesses by adopting policies and programmes the structural problems are not accurately aimed (Dastoli and Vilella, 1992: 179). Firms part of the Italian industrial district were running short of breath confirming that the market by its self regulation has launched an attack to the ’small is beautiful’ saying. Innovation plays a key part in the life of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) from the industrial clusters. It is noticed a decline in the importance of factors sources of external economies) that empowered the initial outset of the firms. The long used external sources were starting to lose grip in the face of the needed environmental efficiency (Bianchi, 1998). The changes that had to be performed weren’t a walk in the park. According to Bianchi (1990): the local entrepreneurs’ social culture and the past history successes disable the belief of urgent innovation investment. Also, economic barriers have prohibited small firms to access the large scale research and development, marketing and etc. (Regini and Sabel, 1989). Furthermore, two additional problems sprung up from the innovation process that need to be taken into consideration: ’product innovation’ in those zone of production with a highly design content that subtracts the formal innovation side rather than the technological innovation, because the first one includes creativity, imagination and taste, factors that are not easily obtained in business-set like this. The other difficulty is process innovation meaning that adopting a higher technological labour focused system would both increase productivity and decrease costs (Bianchi, 1998). Hadjimicalis (Hadjimicalis, 2006) introduces a set of arguments that could nevertheless be the real ones behind Third Italy’s downturn. ’The lack of attention to the role of state’ implies the obsolete focus on different direct and indirect protectionist measures and regulations as in the work of radicals Stoper (1997) and Scott (1988). The most important protectionist measures as the Multi-Fibre Agreement that went in favour for Italy’s blooming manufacturing industries. The regulatory decisions have protected Italy along with other countries from ’unlimited competition’ in garments and textiles from the menacing low waged countries in the Eastern part of the world. Another governmental intervention was the fiscal regulation which consisted the hedging the exchange rates for the lira due to the devaluations throughout the 20th century and one of them when Euro currency was adopted in 2001. An interesting fact is that all those authors that supported the theories behind Third Italy industrial clusters as (Asheim 1999, Becattini 1990, Cooke 1988) haven’t seen the harsh reality of such a business type: poor working conditions and safety conditions, longer work hours and low paid working hours. You read "What’s Gone Wrong with the Third Italy" in category "Papers" All the other specific characteristics of the small-scale enterprises from the region as: flexibility, innovation and embbededness of small firms (Hadjimichalis, 2006). Another term that was used to explain the success of Italian IDs is ’social capital’. It is the theoretical concept that has been used by various authors. A good perspective is seen through the lenses of Hadjimichalis: ’From individuals to communities, from firms to families, from cooperation to competition, from working conditions to unions, from trust and reciprocity to corruption and from the success to the failure of a place, all are called social capital’, this explaining clearly the real trend of firms within the Italian industrial clusters. Analysis of two of the regional clusters at stake The most remarkable evolution oscillations can be outlined in Emilia-Romagna and Veneto provinces, where ’industrialisation without breaks’ (Fua,1983) was followed by a third party strategy ’without breaks’ which means that the regions have gained the prestige of stability organisms within the frontier of national development. The Piedmont and Lombardy are also good examples for the comparative advantage of their early launch and the lasting predominance of their industries provided the solid foundations for a strong post-industrial transition (Bianchi, 1998). Tuscany, on the other hand, has badly faced up to the need to restructure during the 1980s. Its historical memory describes best the anti-industrial attitude of its ruling class. Differences between the two provinces within the Third Italy are clear. The Emilia-Romagna’s type of industrial development is seen as unique and deeply rooted in the region’s culture and entrepreneurial activity (Heidenreich, 1996) and when compared to Tuscany’s inability to cope with a model of development that seems inapplicable to the case. Table 1 underlines the two differences in between the two regions described above. What went wrong? The industrial district of Third Italy (IDs) have suffered severe changes during the early 1990s because of the demand fall for Made in Italy products along with the emergence of new lower waged Eastern Europe companies and developing countries (Grancelli,2006). The active devaluation of the lira due to the euro introduction had a significant impact on the upward trend of Italian exports. The small-scale enterprises that have set a foothold into the creation of the so-called Third Italy region, were basically family businesses which put all into a network bowl had formed the leading industrial area of Italy and a model to follow on by the emerging countries. Following the same idea it could be said that the demographic decline has started a process of ’social construction of the market’ (Bagnasco ;amp; Triglia 1984; Dei Ottati 1995; Provasi 2002). The financial global crisis has put its fingerprint on the actual Italian industrial districts, but those enterprises that could jump incremental innovation and ensure a competitive position globally had somewhat survived the impact (Whitford, 2001). The latter example of firms shows that they have created vertically integrated organizational blueprints, and made foreign direct investments in contrast to the swept out firms that have just relocated part of their production (Grancelli, 2006) to low pay working force or to attract foreign workers in the home production facilities. According to Hadjimichailis (2006) : The erosion of the Italian industrial clusters was made through: ’ Relocation of production in Eastern Europe in search of low labour costs’ and this gave birth to: a severe increase in unemployment percentages and adding the hiring of immigrant workers within the Italian borders. Hadjimichailis (2006) also introduces the ’bloody Taylorism’ term which is used in relation to the destination markets of the Italian entrepeneurs, Eastern Europe countries. This is used in connection to the SMEs of Veneto which were thought to re-establish Fordist factories due to delocalization processes. One example is the relocated production quotas abroad which ranged from 23% to 45% that resulted in a decrease of 28% of employment, 38% of production units in the region. This being said, the following concluding remarks could be made: ’Fordism is not only alive and well at the global scale, but it also returns as a solution to Italian firms’ from the industrial clusters, which were the models of flexibility and industrial district mythology (Hadjimichailis, 2006 : 95). The eastern slide of some of the sub-contractors from the Third Italy confirms the ideology that coordination between subsidiaries abroad and the parent company could not be only made through tacit knowledge of skilled workers and technicians remains an important factor even in a globally set value chain (Biggero, 2006). Those actors that have relocated their business into the Eastern part of Europe, Romania or other Balkan countries are seen as ’extroverted actors’ that also maintained relations within the home country district (Tappy, 2005). An important technological disequilibrium was introduced in the late 1960s – plastic materials for ski boots – by the lively research of external knowledge through some of leading firms. Another challenge of the north-eastern industrial clusters is the superior technological level of the products and putting a foot in the door of appealing mergers and acquisitions. Old, traditional and family driven businesses that are identified within the Third Italy areas need to see the ever changing strategy patterns as to going from a production to design phase which could attract cost diminishing (Cooke, 1998). It must not be neglected the power created by the tight bonded social network that has nurtured its roots for more than 50 years and before de ’90s has raised economic analysts’ eye browses throughout the world. Concluding remarks In order to survive, Italian industrial districts need to be fulfilling the following two conditions: their social and geographical division of labour remains globally competitive as compared to similar areas, sectors and other forms of industrial production, and their internal system of social reproduction remains unchallenged. Hadjimichalis, 2006) Mergers and acquisitions with famous brand names could be live threats for the small business embedded firms from the industrial zones of Italy. The power of Fordism has not dawned; in fact there is an increase of business deployment using this theory mainly in the Eastern countries. De-localization breaks the mesmerizing effect of small-scale flexible companies and builds up the multinational comp any picture having vertical integrated characteristics. The presence of a huge wave of non-EU immigrants also changes the parameters of the Third Italy’s rather stable local social structure, with a cap on immigrations that could preserve craft traditions and the reproduction of skills. Even though ’Third Italy’ concept is turning ethereal, the back stage offers the resources, specific capabilities and core competencies developed throughout the years by the district firms to achieve competitive advantage in their markets but also to allow their sub-parts within the industrial system (Schiavone, 2004). As theories claim Third Italy revolves around the social capital theories that also could be a driver for economic performance (Granato et al. , 1996). In addition to too little social capital, too much social capital could have a negative impact on economic performance (Boschma and Lambooy, 2002). Finally, it could be assumed that the process of rethinking and reorienting of Third Italy’s entrepreneurial and family based firms has done a significant change to whole industrial aggregate. References Asheim B. (1999), â€Å" Interactive learning and localized knowledge in globalising learning economies†. Geojournal 49(4):345–352 Bagnasco, A. ,Trigilia, C. (eds) (1984), â€Å" Societa e politica nelle aree di piccola impresa: Il caso di Bassano, Venezia: Arsenale Editrice. agnasco†, A. ,Trigilia, C. (eds) (1984), Societa e politica nelle aree di piccola impresa: Il caso di Bassano, Venezia: Arsenale Editrice. Becattini G. , (1990) â€Å"The Marchallian industrial district as a socio-economic notion. In F Pyke, G Becattini and W Sengerberger (eds) Industrial Districts and the Interfirm Co-operation in Italy† (pp 132–142). Geneva: ILO Bianchi, G. (1998), â€Å"Requiem for the Third Italy? Rise and fall of a too successful concept†, Entrepeneurship;amp; Regional Development, 10 (1998), 93-116. Biggero, L. (2006), â€Å"Industrial and knowledge delocation strategies under the challenges of globalization and digitalization: the move of small and medium enterprises among territorial systems† , Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 18: 443-471 Boschma, R. A. , and Lambooy, J. G. 2002. â€Å" Knowledge, market structure and economic co-ordination: the dynamics of industrial districts. Growth and Change† 33 (3): 291-311. Boschma, Ron A. , Kloosterman R. C. (1998), â€Å"Learning from Clusters: A Critical Assessment†,  © 2005 Springer. Printed in the Netherlands. 139–168. Cooke P. , (1988) â€Å" Flexible integration, scope economies and strategic alliances: Social and spatial mediation†. Society and Space 6:281–300 Cooke P. , Morgan, K. (1998), â€Å" The Associational Economy†, Oxford: O. U. P. Dastoli, P. V. and Viclla, G. 1992â€Å" La Nuova Europa. Dalla Comunita all’ Unione (Bologna: II Mulino) † Dei Ottati, G. (1995), â€Å"Tra mercato e comunita: Aspetti concettuali e ricerche empiriche sul distretto industriale†, Milano: F. Angeli. Fua, G. and C. Zacchia (1983) (a cura di), â€Å" Industrializzazione senza fratture, Bologna: Il Mulino†. Granato, J. , Inglehart, R. , and Leblang, D. (1996). â€Å"The effect of cultural values on economic development. Theory, hypotheses, and some empirical testsâ€Å". American Journal of Political Sciences 40 (3): 607-631 Grancelli, B. , Chiesi A. M. (2006), â€Å"Elites-in-the-making and their organizational behaviour: Cases in Russia and the Balkans†, in B. Dallago (ed. ), Transformation and European Integration. The Local Dimension, London: Palgrave. Holland, S. 1987), â€Å"The Market Economy, From Micro- To Meso-Economics† ( London: Weidenfeld ;amp; Nicholson). Hadjimichalis, C. (2006), â€Å"The End of Third Italy as we knew it ? â€Å", Editorial Board of Antipode. Published by Blackwell Publishing, 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford OX4 2DQ, UK and 350 Main Street, Malden, MA 02148, USA Heidenreich, M. 1996 â€Å"Beyond flexible specialization : the rearrangement of regional production orders in Emilia-Romagna and Baden-Wurttemberg†, European Planning Studies, 4: 401-420 Makdisi S. , Casarino C. , Karl R. E. , â€Å"Marxism Beyond Marxism† Routledge, London, 1996, pg. 155 Provasi, G. (2002) (Ed. ), â€Å"Le istituzioni dello sviluppo, Roma: Donzelli Regini, M. and Sabel†, C. 1989 Strategic di riaggiustamento industriale (Bologna: II Mulino). Schiavone ,F. , Dezi L. (2004), â€Å"Managerial Styles within an Italian Industrial District:Two different successful storiesâ€Å" Scott A and Storper M (1988) â€Å"The geographical foundations and social regulation offlexible production complexes†. In J Wolch and M Dear (eds) The Power of Geography (pp 21–40). London: Allen and Unwin Storper M (1997) â€Å"The Regional World: Territorial Development in a Global Economy†. New York: Guilford Tappi, D. 2005) â€Å"Cluster, adaptation and extroversion. A cognitive and entrepreneurial analysis of the Marche music cluster†, European Urban and Regional Studies, 12/3: 289- 307. Walcott, Susan M. (2007) â€Å"Wenzhou and the Third Italy: Entrepreneurial Model Regions†, Journal of Asia-Pacific Business, 8: 3, 23 — 35 Wh itford, J. (2001), â€Å"The decline of a model? Challenge and response in the Italian industrial districts†, Economy and Society, 30/1: 38-65. ——————————————– [ 1 ]. Theory that appeared after the ‘Fordism’ period in which a mass consumer was targeted, products standardized and costs lowered. Post-Fordism’ is characterized by ‘flexible specialization’ based on dense networks of flexible, strongly related, mostly small and medium-sized firms in mainly craft-based industries that are concentrated in specialised industrial districts(Boschma,1998). [ 2 ]. Copyright 2010 privileges set. [ 3 ]. SME-small and medium enterprises [ 4 ]. Putnam’s work on Italy (1993), Porter’s on clusters (1998) [ 5 ]. (Casarino, 1996) – After the Industrial Revolution, a mechanical engineer called Frederick W. Taylor proposed a new way to organ ize factories and shop floors with what he called the â€Å"Scientific Management†. How to cite What’s Gone Wrong with the Third Italy, Papers

The Eiffel Tower Essay Example For Students

The Eiffel Tower Essay The Eiffel TowerThe Eiffel tower is the trademark of Paris,France. With the tower being 984ft, its kind of hard not to noticeit. The tower has a restaurant, radio and television transmitterand more. Gustave A. Eiffel created the tower to enter it in theworlds fair. It was made with wrought iron and had medium wind resistance. Gustave started in 1889 and completed in 1910. Gustave A. Eiffel created the Eiffel Tower. Eiffel oversaw the construction with such success that in 1866 he foundedhis own company and soon became known for his wrought iron structures. Starting in 1872 he attracted foreign contracts, and in 1877 he createdover the Douro River in Porto, Portugal, a steel arch bridge 525 ft inheight. The Eiffel Tower is a landmark and an earlyexample of wrought-iron construction on a gigantic scale. It wasdesigned and built by the French civil engineer Gustave Alexandre Eiffelfor the Paris Worlds Fair of 1889. The tower, without its modernbroadcasting antennae, is 984 ft high. The lower section consistsof four immense arched legs set on masonry piers. The legs curveinward until they unite in a single tapered tower. Platforms, eachwith an observation deck, are at three levels; on the first is also a restaurant. The tower, constructed of about 7000 tons of iron, has stairs and elevators. A meteorological station, a radio communications station, and a televisiontransmission antenna, as well as a suite of rooms that were used by Eiffelare located near the top of the tower. Eiffels work combined expert craftsmanshipand graceful design. Completed in 1884, it was for a time the highestbridge in the world, winning Eiffels factory a worldwide reputation forexcellence. Eiffel cast Frederic Auguste Bartholdis colossal statueLiberty Enlightening the World, which was dedicated in New York in 1886. Soon after, he began work on his greatest project, the building of theEiffel Tower. It was completed in 1889 for the celebration of thecentennial of the French Revolution (1789-1799). Eiffel was not apopular man when he started building the huge steel-frame tower that wouldoverlook Paris. The structure was just too different and the critics didntlike it at all. In 1887, the leading artists of Paris signed a petitionto have what they regarded as a monstrosity torn down immediately. Fortunately for Paris, their call was ignored. And though Parisians didntlike it at first, they began to grow fond of the structure they initiallycalled a Cyclops and a skeleton. The Eiffel Tower was completed in1889, just in time to show off for the Worlds Fair, being held that yearin Paris. The tower was also a sign of things to come. Eiffel wastaking full advantage of a new building material, structural steel. Withit he took the first step in creating what would become the modern skyscraper. The imposing tower-constructed of 7,000tons of iron in 18,000 parts held together by 2,500,000 rivets rises toa height of 984 ft and continues to dominate the Paris skyline. Inthe early 1890s Eiffel gave up the daily management of his business andbecame absorbed in the new science of aerodynamics. Emile Nouguier and Maurice Koechlin, thetwo chief engineers in Eiffels company, had the idea for a very tall towerin June 1884. It was to be designed like a large pylon with four columnsof lattice work girders, separated at the base and coming together at thetop, and joined to each other by more metal girders at regular intervals. The company had by this time mastered perfectly the principle of buildingbridge supports. The tower project was a bold extension of this principleup to a height of 300 meters, equivalent to the symbolic figure of 1000ft. On September 18 1884 Eiffel registered a patent for a new figurationallowing the construction of metal supports and pylons capable of exceedinga height of 300 meters. .ue49d31bd7368cb54d75325f6dfd04570 , .ue49d31bd7368cb54d75325f6dfd04570 .postImageUrl , .ue49d31bd7368cb54d75325f6dfd04570 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue49d31bd7368cb54d75325f6dfd04570 , .ue49d31bd7368cb54d75325f6dfd04570:hover , .ue49d31bd7368cb54d75325f6dfd04570:visited , .ue49d31bd7368cb54d75325f6dfd04570:active { border:0!important; } .ue49d31bd7368cb54d75325f6dfd04570 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue49d31bd7368cb54d75325f6dfd04570 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue49d31bd7368cb54d75325f6dfd04570:active , .ue49d31bd7368cb54d75325f6dfd04570:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue49d31bd7368cb54d75325f6dfd04570 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue49d31bd7368cb54d75325f6dfd04570 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue49d31bd7368cb54d75325f6dfd04570 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue49d31bd7368cb54d75325f6dfd04570 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue49d31bd7368cb54d75325f6dfd04570:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue49d31bd7368cb54d75325f6dfd04570 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue49d31bd7368cb54d75325f6dfd04570 .ue49d31bd7368cb54d75325f6dfd04570-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue49d31bd7368cb54d75325f6dfd04570:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Canterbury EssayEiffels clockwork precision had enabledhim not only to meet his deadline, but to build the structure with theloss of only one life, that of a worker who fell from the first platformwhile apparently showing off for his girlfriend after the bell had soundedending the working day. The Eiffel tower is the trademark for Paris. Even though The people of Paris didnt like the tower, they got to likeit, so did the tourist. Then they found out about the good transmittingwith the radio and the television. Now the Eiffel tower is a majortourist attraction, and one of the best standing structures in the world.

Patriotism Essays - Patriotism, American Patriotism,

Patriotism It is not for him to pride himself who loveth his own country, but rather for him who loveth the whole world. The earth is but one country and mankind its citizens. This statement was made by Baha'u'llah, a religious leader from the late 1800's. He taught his followers that all people are equal. We, as Americans are also lead to believe this, although our society may not convey this at all times. Patriotism is not just part of a veteran's past, a soldier's life, or a naval officer's pride. Patriotism is a promise all those who call themselves citizens of the United States to live life loving, sharing and respecting all those around us. Americanism is religious freedom, no bias of race or color. We have many freedoms that many other countries are not as fortunate to have. As the melting pot of many races and religions, our patriotism should be toward all nations of the world. We, as citizens of the United States, are responsible for keeping the opportunities open that were promised by our forefathers when they founded this country: life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. American patriotism can be seen as respect for others' heritage and culture. It is the common love of the land we call home. America was built on multiple cultural backgrounds fleeing persecution, poverty and a life without simple freedoms. The opportunities reflected a life that many could only dream of. Our backgrounds may all differ in origin, but in our nationality we are all patriotic Americans. As the future of this country, we are bound to continue the works to make a great nation that began with the founding of this land; to appreciate our heritage; defend American ideals. This is our promise. This is our priority. This is our way to show our appreciation to the soldiers and founders of this country. This is our way to show our patriotism. American History

Summary of Wieland (by Charles Brockden Brown) essays

Summary of Wieland (by Charles Brockden Brown) essays As one of the first American novels, Wieland is a tale of illusions, confusion and irrational human behavior. Told from the perspective of Clara Wieland, this gothic story is set in post-revolutionary Pennsylvania and revolves around the miseries of her family. Even in the first few chapters the narrator presents the reader an unbelievable tale: the mysterious death of Claras father, who, after making a short visit to the familys little hut, never returns from that (from now on) desolate place. It is the beginning of a series of supernatural events that continues throughout the whole book. The main tragedy, however, begins to unfold its whole extent when Carwin, a kind of vagabond, enters the peaceful community. Clara seems to be magically attracted by him although this intruder certainly has evilness in his appearance. Though his role in the story is until the end very mysterious and unclear he seems to bring tragedy. The situation for the small community of Mettingen worsens when Wieland and Pleyel return from the hut totally disoriented. Like Claras father, they seem to have heard the same voices but no single human being similar to the events then this is again the first sign of future misery. Clara is totally enamored by this. Not much later she encounters the same experience when she hears ghostly voices in her own house. All the time she is sure that the events have something to do with Carwins appearance. When she finds out that her brothers children and his wife were killed, she suspects the intruder Carwin even more as being the murderer. This is, however, not exactly true: when her uncle tells her he knows about the whole story and presents her a court report on the case, Clara has to realize that her own brother, Wieland, was the assassin. Due to his statements he had to kill his own family since he received a sort of superhuman request. ...

10 Helium Facts - Atomic Number 2 on the Periodic Table

10 Helium Facts - Atomic Number 2 on the Periodic Table Helium is the second element on the periodic table, with atomic number 2 and element symbol He. Its the lightest noble gas. Here are ten quick facts about the element helium. Check the full listing for helium if you would like additional element facts. The atomic number of helium is 2, meaning each atom of helium has two protons.  The most abundant isotope of the element has 2 neutrons. It is energetically favorable for each helium atom to have 2 electrons, which gives it a stable electron shell.Helium has the lowest melting point and boiling point of the elements, so it only exists as a gas, except under extreme conditions.  At normal pressure, helium is a liquid at absolute zero.  It must be pressurized to become a solid.Helium is the second-lightest element.  The lightest element or one with the lowest density is hydrogen. Even though hydrogen typically exists as a diatomic gas, consisting of two atoms bonded together, a single atom of helium has a higher density value. This is because the most common isotope of hydrogen has one proton and no neutrons, while each helium atom typically has two  neutrons as well as two protons.Helium is the second-most abundant element in the universe  (after hydrogen), though it is mu ch less common on Earth.  On Earth, the element is considered a nonrenewable resource.  Helium does not form compounds with other elements, while the free atom is light enough to escape Earths gravity and bleed out through the atmosphere. Some scientists are concerned we might one day run out of helium or at least make it prohibitively expensive to isolate. Helium is colorless, odorless, tasteless, non-toxic, and inert.  Of all the elements, helium is the least reactive, so it does not form compounds under ordinary conditions. In order to bond it to another element, it would need to be ionized or pressurized. Under high pressure, disodium helide (HeNa2), the clathrate-like titanate La2/3-xLi3xTiO3He, the silicate crystobalite He II (SiO2He), dihelium arsenolite (AsO6 ·2He), and NeHe2 may exist.Most helium is obtained by extracting it from natural gas.  Its uses include helium party balloons,  as a protective inert atmosphere for chemistry storage and reactions, and for cooling superconducting magnets for NMR spectrometers and MRI machines.Helium is the second-least reactive noble gas (after neon).  It is considered the real gas that most closely approximates the behavior of an ideal gas.Helium is monatomic under standard conditions. In other words, helium is found as single atoms of the element.Inhaling helium temporarily chan ges the sound of a persons voice. Although many people think inhaling helium makes a voice sound higher, it doesnt actually alter the pitch. Though helium is non-toxic, breathing it can result in asphyxiation due to oxygen deprivation. Evidence of heliums existence came from the  observation of a yellow spectral line from the sun. The name for the element comes from the Greek god of the Sun, Helios.

Eveline James Joyce Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Eveline James Joyce - Research Paper Example Dust is everywhere in her room in spite of the fact that she has been mopping and dusting for years. She is a part of this dusty atmosphere, just another object in her room. Thesis: a psychological development of this woman is intensely influenced by the external subjection to her self-restraint and her obsession with her father. A Flow of Life or a Stasis of Oblivion When love rushes in her life, she does not have any choice but to follow this external acclaim. She follows her lover, and it is difficult to imagine, but this calm woman has managed to board a ship about to set sail across the ocean. There is a high speed animated development of her life. Nevertheless, she gives up and is occupied by her vivid imagination, when she is dreaming about her lover, who is grasping her head and she is experiencing her inner passion and desire. In her real world, she lets these dreams be only in her mind, but she is resistant to the wind of change for sure. A gentle and a passive female natur e, she turns into a subjective animal, and it looks like she has no choice but only continue her passive life. â€Å"Eveline† in Dubliners reminds us about the importance of small pieces and images in our lives. It is possible to claim that the whole life is a big puzzle and different episodes in our lives are merely puzzle elements. Joyce saturates his manner of narration in this piece from Dubliners with vivid descriptions and luxurious emotions, rich impressions and endless feelings and perceptions. Even readers can experience his bright idealistic world through the small segments and episodes of his stories. It is possible to consider "Eveline" from different perspectives. On the one hand, in "Eveline" domesticity is clearly associated with details, with metonymy and synecdoche. The detail that will become Eveline's signature is the "odour of dusty cretonne" (Mosher 408). In this article the author clearly underlines that housewives and their housekeeping is associated wi th special smells and episodes of their lives. This woman always cleans up, and the curtains of crettone are her Everest. She always tries to put up with difficulties and deal with inevitable dust in those curtains. Her home is a museum of memories for her and nothing more. There are many different objects connected with her life, but it is better for her to get rid of them, like Italians get rid of old furniture on the New Year. Her female nature and her role of a housewife are developed in accordance with commonly accepted social templates, but in the real world she plays a very pitiful role because she has to count her meager funds. We can see that the "purse" is a metonymy of her role as housekeeper for her family. She is imprisoned in her home and her housekeeping obligations bear her down. She counts every nickel in her purse, and visiting market is really depressing and intriguing for her. Frank suggests getting rid of her imprisonment and offers a trip to Buenos Aires with h im. He says that his home is there. "Home" is a metaphor about her another life. It is a direct juxtaposition to her daily life and she hesitates whether to try on a new role or not. Joyce introduces and apt euphemism  for  "sexually  aroused"  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ "pleasantly confused" (Joyce 45). He shows that feelings are common for her and her love is just another background for her possible development. Moreover, it looks like this woman

Quality managment techniques and their relationship to revenue Research Paper

Quality managment techniques and their relationship to revenue managment - Research Paper Example All of the information connectivity devices are exchanging data. As a consequence, the Internet has evolved into an efficient and effective means of commercial marketing and data exchange. This is applicable as e- commerce . This new phenomenon of e- commerce allows greater free market trade. Smaller suppliers can vie for commerce in the same manner as larger firms, simply by providing a website representing their products and services. By the same means, the consumer who purchases services online has access to a greater selection of products and services. The Internet facilitates communication between buyers and sellers by means of electronic data exchange (EDI). E- commerce is known as the free trade of products and services by suppliers and consumers through the Internet. Consumers and producers are enabled with an opportunity through the free exchange of information and the ability to effect purchases online- to be better informed, in order to acquire the correct product or servi ce at the correct time. Trend setting business people and small to medium sized concerns are leading the way to e- commerce. Research has demonstrated that 90% of all business people are applying the case of data exchange over the Internet, to either promote their products or services and/ or to create new opportunities (Hallin & Marnburg, 2008). The purpose of this research paper is the following: To demonstrate how Internet based services may facilitate the travel and hospitality industry in increased sales and revenue. To demonstrate how the coordination of this procedure can help vacationers receive efficient customer service by means of the Internet. To demonstrate how the introduction of web... The research tells that the travel and hospitality industry is composed of a number of enterprises which are involved in supplying travel services to vacationers, business executives and entrepreneurs. These services may include hotel packages or bed and breakfasts, airline travel packages or services such as guided tours and automobile rentals. An important element is the travel representative, who is the intermediary between the vacationers, business executives, entrepreneurs and the purveyors of travel based services. The expertise of the travel consultant is desired and required by the travel and hospitality consumer. Many individuals select a travel consultant in order to look for the best vacation packages and to establish the travel and hospitality reservation. The travel consultant coordinates a number of travel and hospitality elements and combines them into a single hospitality and travel package. In some instances, government based tourist organizations provide the service s of the travel consultant, disseminating information and pamphlets for the travel and hospitality purveyors in their vicinity. The main function of the travel consultant in all of these instances, is to enable the interchange of information and to facilitate the consumer decision making process. In order to achieve this result, the travel and hospitality suppliers, airline passenger carriers, automobile rental enterprises, hotel and tour guides must all provide the correct information to the travel consultant in an attractive presentation, in order to enable the generation of revenues in the travel and hospitality industry.

Number Sense, Numercay & Place Value Essay Example for Free

Number Sense, Numercay Place Value Essay Once a basic number sense has developed for numbers up to ten (see Developing Early Number Sense) a strong sense of ten needs to be developed as a foundation for both place value and mental calculations. (This is not to say that young children do not have an awareness of much larger numbers. Indeed, there is no reason why children should not explore larger numbers while working in depth on tenness). Ten-Frames Ten-Frames are two-by-five rectangular frames into which counters are placed to illustrate numbers less than or equal to ten, and are therefore very useful devices for developing number sense within the context of ten. The use of ten-frames was developed by researchers such as Van de Walle (1988) and Bobis (1988). Various arrangements of counters on the ten frames can be used to prompt different mental images of numbers and different mental strategies for manipulating these numbers, all in association with the numbers relationship to ten. For example, examine the three ten-frames below. What numbers are illustrated? What does the particular arrangement of the counters prompt you to think about the numbers? What can you say about each numbers relationship to ten? Frame A: There are five counters; perhaps seen as a sub-groups of three and two, either by looking at the clusters at either end of the frame, or by looking at the number in the top and bottom rows. Frame B: Again there are five counters; perhaps seen as three in top row and three in the bottom, or as four and one, or two and two and one. It is also noticeable that there are five empty boxes remaining, in a similar shape to the full boxes. This prompts the awareness that five and five make ten. Frame C: This arrangement strongly illustrates the idea that five and five make ten. It also suggests the idea that half of ten is five. This type of thinking would not occur if the five counters were presented without the context of the ten-frame. Plenty of activities with ten-frames will enable children to automatically think of numbers less than ten in terms of their relationship to ten, and to build a sound knowledge of the basic addition/subtraction facts for ten which are an integral part of mental calculation. For example, a six year old child, when shown the following ten-frame, immediately said, Theres eight because two are missing. This child had a strong sense of ten and its subgroups and was assisted by the frame of reference provided by the ten-frame. Once this type of thinking is established, the ten-frame is no longer needed. Although dealing with whole numbers initially, the part-part-whole thinking about numbers supports the understanding of fractions, in particular tenths. Place Value Ten is of course the building block of our Base 10 numeration system. Young children can usually read two-digit numbers long before they understand the effect the placement of each digit has on its numerical value. For example, a 5 year-old might be able to correctly read 62 as sixty-two and 26 as twenty-six, and even know which number is larger, without understanding why the numbers are of differing values. Ten-frames can provide a first step into understanding two-digit numbers simply by the introduction of a second frame. Placing the second frame to the right of the first frame, and later introducing numeral cards, will further assist the development of place-value understanding. Games Ten-Frame Flash (5-7 years) 4 players Materials: A dozen ten-frames with dot arrangements on them, a blank ten-frame for each child, counters. Rules: One child shows a ten-frame for a count of three, then hides it while the other children place counters in the same positions on their frames from memory. The flasher shows the card again and helps each child check his/her display. After three cards the next child becomes the flasher and so on, until everyone has had a turn.

Shakespeares Othello - Desdemona the Ideal Essay -- Othello essays

Desdemona the Ideal  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚   What wife can compare to the ideal wife which the Bard of Avon has painted for us in his tragedy Othello? She is appreciated by everyone except the villain.    Angela Pitt in â€Å"Women in Shakespeare’s Tragedies† comments on Desdemona as the ideal wife:    Handbooks of the period explain in some detail what is required of the ideal wife, and Desdemona seems to fulfill even the most conservative expectation. She is beautiful and also humble:    A maiden never bold Of spirit so still and quiet that her motion Blushed at herself. (I.iii.)    Her concern for Cassio shows her generosity, for she will intercede for him with Othello. She is wise, and also a ‘true and loving’ wife – ‘the sweetest innocent that e’er did lift up eye’. (44-45)    David Bevington in William Shakespeare: Four Tragedies describes the depth of virtue within this tragic heroine:    We believe her [Desdemona] when she says that she does not even know what it means to be unfaithful; the word â€Å"whore† is not in her vocabulary. She is defenseless against the charges brought against her because she does not even comprehend them, cannot believe that anyone would imagine such things. Her love, both erotic and chaste, is of that transcendent wholesomeness common to several late Shakespearean heroines [. . .]. Her â€Å"preferring† Othello to her father, like Cordelia’s placing her duty to a husband before that to a father, is not ungrateful but natural and proper. (221)    Blanche Coles in Shakespeare’s Four Giants interprets the protagonist’s very meaningful four-word greeting to Desdemona which he utters upon disembarking in Cyprus:    Othello’s four words, â€Å"O, my soul’s joy,† tel... ...mind behind the murder results in Iago’s murder of her. Gullible Othello, grief-stricken by remorse for the tragic mistake he has made, stabs himself and dies on the bed next to his wife, his sorrow being as deep as his love for Desdemona prior to Iago’s machinations.    WORKS CITED    Bevington, David, ed. William Shakespeare: Four Tragedies. New York: Bantam Books, 1980.    Coles, Blanche. Shakespeare’s Four Giants. Rindge, New Hampshire: Richard Smith Publisher, 1957.    Pitt, Angela. â€Å"Women in Shakespeare’s Tragedies.† Readings on The Tragedies. Ed. Clarice Swisher. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1996. Reprint from Shakespeare’s Women. N.p.: n.p., 1981.    Shakespeare, William. Othello. In The Electric Shakespeare. Princeton University. 1996. http://www.eiu.edu/~multilit/studyabroad/othello/othello_all.html No line nos.      

Globalization: Video Games Essay

The global software market for video games was approximately $52 billion in 2012. In just the last 8 years, the emerging markets have gone from 12% to 47% of the market size and are growing at a compounded annual rate of nearly 30%. All of this growth in the international video game market offers a unique experience and cultural impact on many countries that previously would not have had exposure to these types of games. This exposure demonstrates the globalizing power video games have, and their effects on individual players. In order to quantify this effect several specific internationally popular games will be listed and described relating their content to cultures of industrialized, Middle-Eastern, and developing countries. The United States has long been one of the preeminent leaders in the computer and portable gaming production industry. Treyarch and Activision teamed up to deliver the Call of Duty series, including the recently popular Black Ops 2, which has been an international best seller. The game is available on many different platforms besides the PC including various counsels and even portable gaming formats. The game deals with warfare among several nations, including historical cold war missions that tie to an over arching premise linking these events to a future plotline. Through engaging war and nations in this manner a game like this could be seen to propel a certain ripple effect in perceptions of America among developing and middle-eastern countries. Many countries feel certain games have unfavorable portrayal of their nation or their religion and beliefs. Games like these may not necessarily induce violence, yet given the extreme realistic nature and handling of certain themes, there could be a desensitizing aspect to individuals playing the game. When speaking about video games globalizing affect on cultures, one important point to observe is that many instances of unfavorable reception or regulation of a game are done so in order to retain cultural heritage and beliefs. The Sims is a game by Electronic Arts, which has been around for over a decade and has many different expansions over the years. The reason t has been such a relevant and best selling game is because it is very customizable and gives people the chance to create their own lifelike character and family, subjecting them to many different scenarios. The game has been popular and has given many different countries an interesting look into a more Americanized living atmosphere and value system as hinted through the game play. They game is a great way to expose people to American and western customs in an interesting and fun way. However, certain countries have criticized it for the opulent centered outlook and encouragement of certain ideals deemed inappropriate in certain cultures. In much the same way other games treatment of drugs, alcohol and sex have unearthed new concerns for cultural boundaries in video games, especially countries with strict religious policies regarding such topics. American games influence on other cultures is not all negative. With advancements in the market, games have expanded and opened up many opportunities for countries to develop their own format and localized versions of games. American games also push the limits of technology further expanding the horizon and scope of games available in burgeoning new markets. Additionally, these new markets, including new industrialized and even increasing access in Middle-Eastern and developing nations, are expanding their technology to compete and offer consumers availability and access to such products. This proliferation in technology and broadband access also allows individuals in other countries the ability to communicate and interact with each other in online multiplayer formats. This exposure and introduction of consumers from different cultures is breaking down borders and increasing globalization. The video game industry has had to weather criticism since its inception as to its role in violence and other social issues. However, given its increased role internationally, and the gaming industry’s ability to help drive technology, there has been a resurgence in international acceptance of American video games and technology. The role games have on individuals may be a bundled and often complex topic, but there is no denying the increasing access and technological driving force video games represent to other countries. `

Tips in Casino Games

How would you like to win at blackjack? Keep reading if you are interested in gaining some valuable advice from a retired dealer, if not turn to the home gardening page. Blackjack is one of the most popular games played at the casino because it is a game where the player can have an edge over the house. Basically, the object of the game is to beat the dealer. Having a hand with a value higher than the dealer or having a legal hand while the dealer busts does this. The player must know some basic strategies and procedures in order to have an edge over the house. The process starts before entering the casino; however, the principal procedures are carried out while at the table. Some strategies and procedures include money management, picking the right table and counting cards. Money management is as important as playing strategies. This process starts at home and finishes when the night is over. Firstly, a player should determine how much money to bring to the casino. A good rule is to multiply the average bet by 25; this allows for at least 25 hands. This is important because blackjack is a game that fluctuates with highs and lows, but in the long run, with good strategies, the edge is in the favor of the player. Also a loss limit can be set beforehand. The loss limit is the amount of money that a player will lose before quitting the game. Usually the loss limit is set to the initial amount, but should never be set at more than that. When at the table, money management is also important. There are two simple rules: leave if the money doubles and leave if the money is lost. Try to double the initial amount and if this is done, leave. It has been a good night. However if the initial amount is lost or the loss limit is reached, leave. Never get more money to play with because this generally leads to more losing and more emotional distress. Management over emotions and money will lead to success at the table. Picking the right table may determine whether winning or losing occurs. When arriving at the casino, do not play right away. Study the tables, the players and the dealers. Study all the anchors; that are the players who receive the last hand. More skilled players usual play this position. Having a good anchorman is invaluable because his/her moves determine the dealer†s hand. A good anchorman will save the table regardless of his/her own hand. Also study the other players at the table. Ignorant players can affect the shoe by making a bad move or decision. Lastly the dealer should be examined. Observe the speed at which the dealer deals the cards. Slower dealers will allow card counting, which will be explained in the next section, to be done more easily. Picking the right table can help increase the odds of winning at blackjack. More advanced players count cards to win at blackjack. Card counting is basically keeping track of the cards that have been dealt. This procedure is executed while playing at the table that has been chosen. This is the strategy used by Dustin Hoffman†s character while playing blackjack in the movie The Rain Man. His character uses card counting to his advantage to help a friend win a considerable amount of money. Advanced card counting is difficult to explain and difficult to employ; however, less advanced card counting is more straightforward and still useful. At the start of the shoe, count the number of face cards and aces, which have been dealt. There are 64 face cards and 16 aces in a shoe with four decks. By counting the card, the player has a better idea of what the next card will be. If a large proportion of face cards and aces are dealt at the beginning, the rest of the shoe is unfavorable. As a result lower the bet. If there are more face cards and aces towards the end of the shoe, then the upcoming hands are more favorable and this in turn increases the bet. Card counting is simple to learn with practice yet it is extremely powerful. Money management, picking the right table and counting cards are strategies that can help the player win at blackjack. Independent, each procedure can help improve the chance of winning but collectively, these strategies can give the player the winning edge. Following these easy to learn tips I present, you are on the road to winning at the game of blackjack, but remember this advice I give to you sincerely, do not forget to tip the dealers!

Definition of the Situation in Sociology

Definition of the Situation in Sociology The definition of the situation is what people use to know what is expected of them and what is expected of others in any given situation. Through the definition of the situation, people obtain a sense of the statuses and roles of those involved in the situation so that they know how to behave.  It is the agreed upon, subjective understanding of what will happen in a given situation or setting, and who will play which roles in the action. The concept refers to how our understanding of the social context of where we may be, like a  movie theater, bank, library, or supermarket informs our expectations of what we will do, who we will interact with, and for what purpose. As such, the definition of the situation is a core aspect of social order of a smoothly operating society. The definition of the situation is something that we learn through socialization, composed of prior experiences, knowledge of norms, customs, beliefs, and social expectations, and is also informed by individual and collective needs and wants. It is  a foundational concept within symbolic interaction theory and an important one within sociology, generally. The Theorists Behind the Definition of the Situation Sociologists William I. Thomas and Florian Znaniecki are credited with laying the theory and research groundwork for the concept that is known as the definition of the situation. They wrote about meaning and social interaction in their groundbreaking empirical study of Polish immigrants in Chicago, published in five volumes between 1918 and 1920. In the book, titled The Polish Peasant in Europe and America, they wrote that a  person has to take social meanings into account and interpret his experience not exclusively in terms of his own needs and wishes but also in terms of the traditions, customs, beliefs, and aspirations of his social milieu. By social meanings, they refer to the shared beliefs, cultural practices, and norms that become common sense to native members of a society. However, the first time the phrase appeared in print was in a 1921 book published by sociologists Robert E. Park and Ernest Burgess, Introduction to the Science of Sociology. In this book, Park and Burgess cited a Carnegie study published in 1919 which apparently used the phrase. They wrote, common participation in common activities implies a common definition of the situation. In fact, every single act, and eventually all moral life, is dependent upon the definition of the situation. A definition of the situation precedes and limits any possible action, and a redefinition of the situation changes the character of the action. In this final sentence Park and Burgess refer to a defining principle of symbolic interaction theory: action follows meaning. They argue, without a definition of the situation that is known among all participants, those involved wouldnt know what to do with themselves. And, once that definition is known, it sanctions certain actions while prohibiting others. Examples of the Situation An easy example to grasp how situations are defined and why this process is important is that of a written contract. A legally binding document, a contract, for employment or sale of goods, for example, lays out the roles played by those involved and specifies their responsibilities, and sets out actions and interactions that will take place given the situation as defined by the contract. But, its the less easily codified definition of a situation that interests sociologists, who use it to refer to a necessary aspect of all the interactions we have in our daily lives, also known as micro-sociology. Take, for example, riding a bus. Before we even get on a bus, we are engaged with a definition of a situation in which buses exist to serve our transportation needs in society. Based on that shared understanding, we have expectations of being able to find buses at certain times, at certain places, and to be able to access them for a certain price. As we enter the bus, we, and presumably the other passengers and the driver, work with a shared definition of the situation that dictates the actions we take as we enter the bus paying or swiping a pass, conversing with the driver, taking a seat or grabbing a hand-hold. If someone acts in a way that defies the definition of the situation, confusion, discomfort, and even chaos can ensue. Sources Burgess, E.W. Introduction to the Science of Sociology. Robert Ezra Park, Kindle Edition, Amazon Digital Services LLC, March 30, 2011. Thomas, William. The Polish Peasant in Europe and America: A CLASSIC WORK IN IMMIGRATION HISTORY. Florian Znaniecki, Paperback, Student edition, University of Illinois Press, January 1, 1996. Edited by Nicki Lisa Cole, Ph.D.

Case Study Treating An Ischemic Brain Attack Nursing Essay

Case Study Treating An Ischemic Brain Attack Nursing Essay J Sparrow, a 70-year-old patient, presents to the emergency department 4 hours after experiencing an ischemic brain attack confirmed on the CT of the head without contrast. The patient is a candidate for intra-arterial thrombolytic therapy to dissolve the blood clot causing the significant stroke symptoms. The patient is scheduled for the emergent cerebral angiogram with possible intra-arterial thrombolytic therapy. The nurse provided patient and family education and received the informed written consent from the patient’s spouse. The patient has intravenous normal saline at 100 mL/hr infusing into the right forearm with an 18-gauge angiocath, which is patent. Interpretations and findings done by the group: Most books have cited the importance of the â€Å"3-hour window† for administration of thrombolytic therapies. This is to adhere to the fact that irreversible brain injuries usually take place after 3 hours from the onset of stroke, and any intervention to reverse t he condition would be deemed useless. But recent studies show that the 3 hour window was extended to 4.5 hours, and was proven to still be therapeutic if the drug was administered up to this time. In the patient’s case, even if it was 4 hours after the onset of stroke, he was still allowed to undergo possible Intra-arterial Thrombolytic therapy following a cerebral angiography since this was indicated for stroke patients with onset of symptoms for more than 3 hours. CT scan of the head without contrast was done as a differential diagnosis as to what type of stroke patient JS had experienced. This was an important test to determine further interventions needed, and to reduce risks for any complications if the client’s stroke was classified as hemorrhagic. Cerebral angiography was ordered to identify the exact area of occlusion, so that immediate administration of the thrombolytic drug can be done. Before patient JS became a candidate for thrombolytic therapy, several cr iteria for eligibility were assessed since not all stroke patients can have this kind of therapy. What labs should the nurse assess before the procedure and why? Patient JS is about to undergo cerebral angiography, wherein a contrast dye is to be injected to view the area of occlusion. Before the procedure, certain laboratory tests need to be assessed and reassessed as a standard protocol, and for further procedures which requires it. The cerebral angiography test is done to locate the area of occlusion or infarction to determine the area of administration of Thrombolytics. Since the client is about to undergo EMERGENT cerebral angiography, only the most significant laboratory tests are to be assessed. Blood tests Complete blood count with Platelet Count Hemoglobin count is important to determine the amount of oxygen in the blood. Low oxygen in blood aggravates the condition of the patient (in which a part of the brain is deprived already of oxygen), by depriving other parts of the brain or body of proper oxygen. Hematocrit can also determine if the client experiences alterations in fluid volume, especially within the blood vessels. Assessing these values can determine further interventions needed to be done before the procedure, such as administration of oxygen and increasing the rate of administration of fluids.

Pride and Prejudice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Pride and Prejudice - Essay Example Elizabeth had asserted her love, and her experience can also be useful for women today. Austen's use of irony in her novel offers important insights to her attitude about life through the experiences of her characters. This paper will discuss what Jane Austen had to say about women, class mobility, and marriage based in the experiences of Elizabeth Bennet in Pride and Prejudice. In addition to that, the nature of Elizabeth Bennet's experience and lessons she "learned" from it will be estimated. The experience of women today and that of Elizabeth Bennet will be analyzed, as well as the reasons of Elizabeth Bennet's experience relevance for women position in our days. 2. Elizabeth Bennet is one of the main protagonists in Austen's Pride and Prejudice. Her experience in the novel is largely influenced by her nature and her personality, as well as appropriate traits of her character which allowed her to win her real love and destiny. Elizabeth is the second daughter in the family of the Bennets and the most clever and intelligent among them. Her positive traits allowed her to resist current bourgeois norms and traditions and to be higher than these norms. Mr Darcy noticed her charm and evaluated her as a woman who had interesting and unique individuality, but at their first meet they didn't had any romantic feelings towards each other - so, first impression can be not true. Darcy said that "She is tolerable, but not so handsome enough to tempt me; I am in no humour at present to give consequence to young ladies who are slighted by other men" (Chapter 3, p.7). It happened because of Elizabeth Bennet's pride and Darcy's prejudice about her social bac kground. So, in that moment Jane Austen depicted about the common social norms which were spread between men and women in that time, and those norms often asserted women to marry men who would provide high social status for their future wives. There are some characters in the novel who made different obstacles towards the relationships development between Elizabeth and Darcy, such as Mrs Bennet, Lady Catherine, Miss Bingley and Wickham, and the motifs which these people followed interfered to romantic relationships between Elizabeth and Darcy. Lady Catherine tried to control Darcy who was her nephew, Mrs Bennet tried to get married her daughters, including Elizabeth, by all means, and it led to numerous foolishness displayed by Mrs Bennet. Wickham deceived Elizabeth telling her that Darcy had taken his money, and that caused her mistrust to Darcy: "How abominable! I wonder that the very pride of this Mr. Darcy has not made him just to you! If from no better motive, that he should no t have been too proud to be dishonest - for dishonesty I must call it" (Chapter 16, p.60). So, Austen has showed that there are many obstacles for people who love each other to be together, and that there are some women whose motifs for marriage are not love but social class advantages. The author tried to show that love and true affections of those who really love each other are able to be higher than any obstacles. But the author also showed that social class and aspiration towards money and success can be a basis for marriage for

Juvenile Probation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Juvenile Probation - Essay Example The jurisprudence today looks at these youngsters as victims of society rather than as perpetrators of a crime. There are many improvements and reforms being implemented in the juvenile justice system and one of these is the increasing use of probation to help wayward youngsters avoid jail time. In this regard, a highly recommended approach is the use of information technology to improve the probation administration system by giving probation officers access to vital data in a flash. High Performance Teams – one of the best game-changers in the administration of a juvenile probation system is the use of the new information technology (IT). The use of IT is a positive influence on those who need to monitor several hundreds or even thousands of the youngsters on probation. With an IT system in place, probation officers can obtain the needed information to make their jobs easier. Information technology has long been recognized as the enabler that has a big positive impact on soci al work practice. The information contained in a database will allow probation officers to make better decisions with regards to using a correct intervention modality with regards to a particular juvenile â€Å"probationer† because they have at hand information about that youngster.

Classical Music Concert Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Classical Music Concert Report - Essay Example Each of the pieces from the performance was composed in March 1941 by Benjamin Britten. Different pieces of the performance included symphony and orchestral pieces. Each of the pieces from the performance was written to provide entertainment to the audiences. In addition, the compositions also meant to portray the meaning of opera in the lives of the people (Boosey & Hawkes, â€Å"Benjamin Britten†). In terms of the composer’s background, it is observed that Benjamin Britten was one of the most broadly performed British 20th century composers who studied at Royal College of Music. He founded a new English-language opera convention. His major works comprise invaluable offerings related to opera and the various components that are associated with the creation of symphonic music. Benjamin Britten was born on 22nd November 1913. He passed away at the age of 63 on 4th December 1976. Benjamin Britten belonged to an era in which the concept of classical music was quite widespr ead and consequently he received much admiration. In the era, audiences were able obtain a number of classic pieces of compositions in numerous musical concerts (Boosey & Hawkes, â€Å"Benjamin Britten†). The composer i.e. Benjamin Britten represented a great source of influence on many contemporaries. He had been and still is regarded as one of the great sources of inspiration to many classical music artists namely Percy Grainger among others. His music also inspired the young audiences (Boosey & Hawkes, â€Å"Benjamin

Analysis Of Hampton Machine Tool Company Financing Finance Essay

Analysis Of Hampton Machine Tool Company Financing Finance Essay Introduction: Hampton Machine Tool Company, a machine tool manufacturer, was founded in 1915. Until 1979, the company had successfully forecasted the severe cyclical fluctuations characteristic of the industry. The companys primary customer base included the aircraft and automobile manufacturers in the St. Louis area. During the mid to late 1960s, Hampton was very profitable due to a strong automobile market, and, to the heavy defense spending associated with the Vietnam War. However, in the mid-1970s, Hamptons profitability slowed down with the United States withdrawal from Vietnam War and the oil embargo. By the late 1970s, they had a larger share in the market due to their competitors who were unable to make it through these difficult times, while Hampton managed to stabilize. Case Background: Ten years prior to December, 1978, the company had no debt because it had conservative financial policies, which maintained a strong working capital position as a buffer against economic uncertainty. In December,1978, Hampton requested a $1 million loan from the St. Louis National Bank. The loans terms were a monthly interest payment at a rate of 1.5%, with the principal to be paid back at the end of September, 1979. Now (September of 1979), Benjamin G. Cowins, president of Hampton, has asked to renew the initial loan until end of 1979, and, has requested an additional loan of $350,000 with promise of repayment at the end of December, 1979 with an interest rate of 1.5% per month. This additional loan is required for an update of their machinery which hasnt been done since the economy went into a recession in the early 1970s. For the last several months, Hamptons shipment schedule has been upset because they have had to wait for parts from their suppliers. On August 31, the accumulation of seven machines cost about $1,320,000, in addition to the installation cost for these parts. They received the parts last week, and will be able to complete a number of machines within next few weeks. The reduction in work in progress of about $1,320,000 is due to not receiving the electronic control mechanisms on time. However, the remainder of their work in progress inventories will probably remain steady for the foreseeable future because of their capacity rate of production. In July and August, Hampton bought raw materials beyond their immediate needs to be assured of completing their order schedule to be shipped by the end of the year. Therefore, they currently have accumulated about $420,000 worth of scarcer components above their normal raw materials inventories. They estimate it will be used by the end of the year. Because they bought ahead this way, they expect to cut raw material purchases to about $600,000 a month in each of the four remaining months of 1979. The companys revised shipment estimates are: September, $2,163,000; October, $1,505,000; November $1,604,000; December, $2,265,000. The shipment estimates include a $2,100,000 order for the General Aircraft Corporation. Hampton is now scheduled to ship against this order as follows: September, $840,000; October, $840,000; November, $420,000. Because General Aircraft gave Hampton an advance payment of $1,566,000 on this order, the company will be due nothing on these shipments until their $1,566,000 credit with Hampton is exhausted. Hamptons assuming accruals will remain about the same on August 31, and their monthly outlay for all expenses other than interest and raw materials purchases should be around $400,000 per month. Due to poor economic conditions and the companys desire to conserve cash; they have spent little on new equipment in the last several years, 1979. This has contributed somewhat to the difficulties they have had in maintaining production at full capacity this year. As a result, Hampton has requested an additional $350,000 loan at an interest rate of 1.5% monthly, with promise of repayment at the end of December, 1979. This loan is necessary to purchase certain needed equipment to maintain the production. The tax people estimated the equipment will qualify for a 10% investment tax credit. The company is scheduled to pay $181,000 in taxes on September 15 and December 15. Also, Mr. Cowins has suggested paying $150,000 dividends to stockholders in December. Analysis: The Hampton Machine Tool Company is facing problems in paying its $1 million loan and requesting for a new loan from the St. Louis National Bank. By following Mr. Cowins plan, the company will be short $332,000 (Exhibit 1) in December. Hampton, a profitable firm, has fallen behind on their orders, and Mr. Cowins recommends that they need more financing to purchase certain needed equipment. Hampton has notified the St. Louis National Bank that they will not be able to repay in September. Also, they have requested an extension. For the past month or more, Hampton has been operating at full capacity, and with additional back orders, which has put them behind in their shipment of orders. In addition, their shipment schedule has been upset because they have been waiting for electronic control mechanisms from their suppliers. The falling behind has also caused them to have less than what is needed for accounts receivables turnover. The cash budgets and statement of sources and uses yield negative results concerning the principal payment of the loan for December (Exhibit 1), based on Mr. Cowins plan. This analysis is based on projected sales, dividend payments and tax payments. Consequently, the sales projects and accounts receivables are 30 days net; if not paid on time, then this could change the results significantly by putting the company in more of a financial bind. Based on my forecasts it seems that Mr. Cowins is incorrect about being able to repay the loan in December, but Hampton should be able to repay in January with more precise planning. Hampton used the initial loan plus $2 million in excess cash to repurchase a substantial fraction of its outstanding common stock, because it had decreased sufficiently in value. Although they had good intentions to increase the companys stock value, their finances have suffered because of the repurchase. Mr. Cowins offer to pay $150,000 in dividends in December is not reasonable, because Hamptons finances will suffer, causing them to have negative cash flows. (Exhibit 1) Recommendation: It is obvious that Hampton cannot afford to repay the loan in December, if they proceed with their original plans. The company will have a negative cash flow in December according to Exhibit 1. They should request a one-month extension on the loan, as they cannot afford to make a loan payment in December. Extending the loan repayment one month until January allows for account receivables of December to become collected, because of the company collection policy of 30 days net. This means Hampton will not have to go into the negative to pay the loan in December, keeping cash flow at an expectable level which is $1,168.50. (Exhibit 2) Hampton cannot afford to make a dividend payment in December, regardless of their willingness to do so. Canceling the dividend payment will free up $150,000 in December, keeping the net cash flow in the positive (Exhibit 2), which compensates for the $350,000 loan payment. This also helps keep the net cash flow positive in December, as well as waiting for accounts receivables of $2,265,000 to come in January for the final payment. This makes the company profitable for the future, and, in turn, the stock will not become valueless. Conclusion: My recommendation for Hampton Machine Tool Company is they should request a one month extension on the loan, and cancel the dividend payment to make the company more profitable. Also, this would strengthen Hamptons relationship with the bank by paying off both loans. Based on the forecasted cash budget, Mr. Jerry Eckwood, vice-president of the St. Louis National Bank, should reject the $350,000 loan request based on the current terms proposed by Hampton Machine Tool Company. According to Exhibit 1, there is an inability to repay the initial loan. The numbers fall short of being able to repay the original loan in December without even considering the requested loan. However, with the proper financial adjustments, both loans can be fully repaid by January. For relationship reasons, Mr. Eckwood may want to grant the loan, as long as the terms are reworked to help guarantee, that the bank will get paid. The extension of the loan and cancelation dividends will leave Hampton in a manageable situation, allowing them to continue to be a profitable customer of the bank. The St. Louis National Bank should bring up the solutions that I mentioned above, but Mr. Eckwood will want to make sure that the bank puts Hampton on a repayment plan, so, that in the nea r future they can expect to collect the principal of the outstanding loans. If I was the St. Louis National Bank, I would have to reject the loan on the current terms proposed by Mr. Cowins, because the Hampton Machine Tool Company shows an inability to repay the loan, based on the numbers they have forecast.

The Yellow Wallpaper, by Charlotte Perkins Gilman :: essays research papers

In Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper,† the wallpaper is a symbol which represents the narrator’s personality. Since the initial description of the rented mansion, eeriness is present throughout the story. â€Å"Still I will proudly declare that there is something queer about it. Else, why should it be let so cheaply? And why have stood so long untenanted?† (paragraph 3). These questions, posed by the mentally ill narrator, imply a strangeness regarding the mansion. The narrator’s initial description of the wallpaper claims, â€Å"The paint and paper look as if a boys’ school had used it. It is stripped off—the paper—in great patches all around the head of my bed, about as far as I can reach, and in a great place on the other side of the room low down. I never saw a worse paper in my life. One of those sprawling, flamboyant patterns committing every artistic sin.† (paragraph 32). This is an unusual description for wallpaper in a mansion. The fact that it is stripped off in great patches suggests an uneven and unbalanced appearance or personality. The narrator continues, â€Å"It is dull enough to confuse the eye in following, pronounced enough constantly to irritate and provoke study, and when you follow the lame uncertain curves for a little distance they suddenly commit suicide—plunge off at outrageous angles, destroy themselves in unheard-of contradictions.† (paragraph 33). Here, she describes herself through the eyes of John and her brother, both practical, logical physicians.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The narrator believes that people see her as she sees the wallpaper, which, in turn, is how she sees herself. In paragraph 78 she states, â€Å"I can see a strange, provoking formless sort of figure that seems to skulk about behind that silly and conspicuous front design.† This is initial evidence of the narrator beginning to use the wallpaper as a way to see herself.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The wallpaper also serves as a distraction to the narrator, who often spends hours analyzing its distinct features. â€Å"It is as good as gymnastics, I assure you. I start, we’ll say, at the bottom, down in the corner over there where it has not been touched, and I determine for the thousandth time that I will follow that pointless pattern to some sort of a conclusion.† (paragraph 93). In addition to a visual description of the wallpaper, this information is the narrator’s means of analyzing her personality.

Fashion during the Elizabethan Era

Keeping Up With the Fashion Field â€Å"Clothing and fashion during the Elizabethan Era was complex, complicated, and too dramatic† (Bloom). The Elizabethan Era, was a time period from 1558-1603 when Queen Elizabeth I reigned, and was a period when people expressed who they were through creativity and originality (Black and Garland 16). Some may say that the Era was important, as it was the Golden Age in English history. Fashion during the Elizabethan Era was very extravagant and â€Å"over the top†. Fashion and style were competitive, varied by gender, and also depended on one's social class.Keep up† is a phrase to describe the attitudes toward fashion during the Elizabethan Era. There was always pressure to be up to date. People's attempts to stay in fashion cost them a lot of money (Lace). Land owners felt obligated to entertain the rulers such as the king and queen when they traveled, so they would arrange big parties, and they and their families wore the most expensive clothes. Even the royal court wanted to show off and out-dress everyone. When the royal court traveled, they often made the nobles go broke trying to keep up with their standard of display (Lace).All types of people from land owners to the royal court felt the pressure to keep up. Fashion and style were different for men and women who were not rich. It varied by gender. Women and men both had fashion rules to follow. Men had to wear cheap materials which included sheepskin and wool (Elizabethan Era). They had to wear dull colors such as brown, dull blue and beige. Men wore low, flat hats. They also wore cheap breeches made out of rough materials. Women wore material from sheepskin and wool like men. They also had to wear dull colors. Women wore aprons and bodices. The bodice fronts were often laced up.They did not wear Jewelry or any other accessory. Men and women of working class both had restrictions on clothes, however, the clothes varied by gender. No matter how rich a man or woman was, no one could wear what they pleased. Clothing during the Elizabethan Era was controlled by sumptuous laws. These laws were put in place to keep the class structure strict (Renaissance Clothing for Kids). Clothes defined who a person was and what class they belonged to. Upper classes wore bright colors. Their clothes were made from expensive materials such as velvet, satin, silk, taffeta and lace.They also wore costly Jewelry such as pearls. The upper class women would wear clothes that included several different layers of material, while others women wore thin materials. Typical people such as the working class wore simple clothes as described above. During the Elizabethan Era clothing was associated with rank. There were a variety of colors and choices one could pick from if they were in a high class or had a high rank (Sixteenth- Century Clothing). No one could wear whatever they chose because people's clothing was controlled by laws.In conclusion, the Elizabet han Era as a time period when Queen Elizabeth I reigned, between 1558 and 1603. During the Era, many fields such as poetry and literature grew and flourished. An area that flowered included style and fashion. Some may say that the era was a time when people had the opportunity to express themselves. Others feel that fashion and style during this time was restricted. In today's world, fashion is not as restricted as it was during the Elizabethan Era and both men and women are free to wear whatever they want. Works Cited Black, Anderson J. , and Mange, Garland.

Balloon Car

Jesse Pinkman Balloon Car Project DESIGN COMPANY INFORMATION Well our business company is comprised of Nick Wilson and I, Thomas Kinley. Our Company’s name is That Company ®. I am the President, The CFO, and the Director of all Operations of That Company. My engineering experience will really enhance our chances of winning this and making even more cars. I’ve worked for many toy companies to get cars running. I think our idea will help Iowa’s kid have fun and save the world because of the recycled materials. This will benefit students by giving them something to play within their free time instead of watching TV. PROJECT STATEMENT The project that is at hand is very simple it is making a balloon powered car out of simply recycled materials. This will help kids of Iowa learn about wheels and axles. It will also teach them how to make the most out of materials that could be recycled. This will also teach the kids about the Laws of Motion, friction, and acceleration. Basically our project will be distributed to teach kids about many different things in science. PRELIMINARY DESIGN My design will start with an empty pop can, and then I will screw holes for the axles (pencils) to go into. Then I will shave the pencils for the least amount friction, and then I will stick the milk carton caps on as my wheels. I will spray WD-40 on to really loosen up the axle. I am going to cut some of the can off for aerodynamics. My car will win because it will be aerodynamic, little friction, but still a lot of acceleration.